How to Get Rid of the Tree of Heaven

Identify the Tree

Before you can take any action to get rid of the Tree of Heaven, it's essential to confirm that the tree in question is indeed this invasive species. Proper identification is critical because mistaking it for another tree could lead to unnecessary efforts and potentially harmful actions. The Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is known for its rapid growth, resilience, and aggressive behavior, which makes it a significant ecological threat in many regions.

The first step in identifying the Tree of Heaven is to examine its leaves. This tree has large, pinnately compound leaves, meaning they are composed of multiple leaflets arranged on either side of a central stem. These leaves can grow up to 1 meter in length and resemble those of sumac or hickory trees, but with a distinctive difference: the leaflets have smooth edges except for one or two glandular teeth near the base. These small teeth secrete a chemical that gives the tree its characteristic unpleasant odor when crushed. If you notice this smell, especially from the bark or leaves, it's a strong indicator that you're dealing with Ailanthus altissima.

Key Characteristics to Look For

In addition to the leaves, there are other features that can help you identify the Tree of Heaven. The bark of younger trees is smooth and light gray, while older trees develop a rougher texture with shallow fissures. Another distinguishing feature is the tree's ability to produce winged seeds, which are dispersed by wind, allowing it to spread rapidly over large areas. During the spring, the tree produces clusters of yellow-green flowers, followed by these seed pods in the fall. If you observe these characteristics, it's highly likely that you're dealing with an invasive species that requires immediate attention.

Once you've confirmed the presence of the Tree of Heaven, it's important to understand why this tree is so problematic. It thrives in disturbed soils and urban environments, outcompeting native vegetation and altering ecosystems. Its roots release allelopathic chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plants, creating a monoculture that disrupts biodiversity. By recognizing the tree early, you can prevent further damage and take appropriate measures to control its spread.

Cut Down the Tree

After successfully identifying the Tree of Heaven, the next step is to cut it down. While cutting the tree might seem like the final solution, it’s only the beginning of a longer process. The Tree of Heaven is notorious for its ability to regrow vigorously from its root system, making it imperative to approach this task carefully and strategically.

When preparing to cut down the tree, ensure you have the right tools for the job. A sharp chainsaw or handsaw will make the process easier and safer. Depending on the size of the tree, you may need additional equipment such as loppers or pruning shears to handle smaller branches. Safety gear, including gloves, goggles, and sturdy boots, is also crucial to protect yourself from injury during the operation. Always assess the surroundings before cutting to ensure there’s enough space for the tree to fall without causing damage to nearby structures or property.

Cutting the tree involves more than simply chopping it down. Begin by removing smaller branches first, working your way upward to reduce the weight and balance of the tree. This method minimizes the risk of the tree falling unpredictably. Once the branches are cleared, focus on the trunk itself. Make a notch cut on the side of the tree where you want it to fall, followed by a back cut on the opposite side. The notch should be V-shaped and slightly deeper than the back cut, ensuring the tree falls in the desired direction. After the tree is down, leave the stump intact for now; you’ll address it in subsequent steps.

Considerations for Cutting

It’s worth noting that cutting down a Tree of Heaven can be labor-intensive, especially if the tree is large or located in a challenging area. In some cases, hiring a professional arborist might be the best option, particularly if the tree poses a safety risk or is near power lines or buildings. Professionals have the expertise and equipment to handle the task efficiently and safely. Additionally, consider local regulations regarding tree removal, as some areas may require permits or specific procedures for dealing with invasive species.

Remember, cutting down the tree is just the first step in eradicating it. Without proper follow-up, the Tree of Heaven will quickly regenerate from its extensive root system. Therefore, it’s essential to move on to the next steps immediately after felling the tree.

Apply Herbicides to the Stump

Once the Tree of Heaven has been cut down, the next critical step is applying herbicides to the stump. This process is vital because the tree’s root system remains active even after the trunk is removed, and it will attempt to sprout new growth almost immediately. Applying herbicides directly to the freshly cut stump ensures that the chemicals penetrate the vascular system of the tree, killing both the stump and the underlying roots.

Choosing the right herbicide is crucial for effective results. Glyphosate-based herbicides are commonly recommended for treating invasive species like the Tree of Heaven. These products are non-selective, meaning they kill any plant they come into contact with, so care must be taken to avoid applying them to desirable vegetation nearby. Triclopyr is another effective herbicide specifically formulated for woody plants and is often preferred for its ability to translocate deep into the root system. Always read the product label carefully to ensure proper application rates and safety precautions.

How to Apply Herbicides

To apply herbicides effectively, begin by cutting the stump as close to the ground as possible. A clean, fresh cut is essential for optimal absorption. Using a paintbrush or spray bottle, apply the herbicide directly to the exposed cambium layer, which is the greenish layer beneath the bark. Focus on the outer edge of the stump, as this is where the vascular tissue responsible for transporting nutrients is located. Be thorough but avoid over-application, as excess herbicide can drip off and harm surrounding plants.

Timing is also important when applying herbicides. The best time to treat the stump is late summer or early fall, when the tree is actively transporting nutrients to its roots in preparation for winter. This timing increases the likelihood that the herbicide will reach the root system. However, if the tree is cut at other times of the year, herbicides can still be effective as long as they are applied promptly after cutting.

Safety Precautions

When handling herbicides, always wear protective clothing, including gloves, long sleeves, and eye protection, to minimize exposure. Keep children and pets away from the treated area until the herbicide has dried completely. Dispose of any unused herbicide according to local regulations, and store remaining chemicals in a secure location out of reach of unauthorized individuals. Following these safety guidelines ensures that the herbicide application process is both effective and safe.

Treat the Area Consistently

Even after cutting down the Tree of Heaven and treating the stump with herbicides, the battle isn’t over yet. The tree’s resilient nature means that consistent treatment of the area is necessary to prevent regrowth. Treating the area consistently involves monitoring for new sprouts, reapplying herbicides as needed, and maintaining vigilance over time.

New sprouts can emerge from the root system within days or weeks of cutting the tree, depending on environmental conditions. These sprouts may appear near the original stump or at distant locations connected by underground roots. Regular inspections of the area are essential to catch these sprouts early, as they are easier to manage when they are small. Walk around the site periodically, looking for signs of new growth, such as small stems or leaves breaking through the soil.

Reapplication of Herbicides

Whenever new sprouts are discovered, they should be treated promptly with herbicides to prevent them from establishing themselves. Use the same herbicides mentioned earlier, applying them directly to the foliage or cutting the sprouts and treating the stumps in the same manner as the original tree. Consistent reapplication is key to breaking the cycle of regrowth and ensuring that the root system eventually dies off.

Long-Term Strategy

Treating the area consistently also involves adopting a long-term strategy for managing the site. Consider planting native species in the area to compete with any remaining Tree of Heaven roots. Native plants can help stabilize the soil, reduce erosion, and provide habitat for local wildlife. Additionally, mulching the area with organic materials can suppress weed growth and discourage new sprouts from emerging. Over time, these efforts will contribute to restoring the ecosystem and preventing the Tree of Heaven from re-establishing itself.

Dig Out the Root System

For smaller Tree of Heaven specimens, digging out the root system may be a viable alternative to using herbicides. While this method is labor-intensive, it can be effective if done thoroughly and with persistence. Removing the entire root system eliminates the source of new sprouts, providing a more permanent solution compared to relying solely on chemical treatments.

Digging out the roots begins with exposing the main root ball. Use a shovel or mattock to dig around the base of the stump, loosening the soil and uncovering as much of the root system as possible. Work carefully to avoid damaging nearby structures or utility lines. As you expose the roots, use pruning shears or loppers to sever smaller roots and remove them from the ground. Larger roots may require a saw or ax to cut through effectively.

Challenges and Solutions

One of the biggest challenges in digging out the root system is the extent of the roots themselves. Tree of Heaven roots can spread far beyond the visible canopy of the tree, making it difficult to locate and remove every piece. To address this issue, systematically excavate the area around the stump, following the roots as far as possible. If you encounter resistance or find that the roots extend too deeply, consider using a mechanical auger or similar tool to assist with the excavation.

Preventing Regrowth

Once the root system has been removed, it’s important to prevent regrowth by covering the area with a thick layer of mulch or landscape fabric. This barrier helps block sunlight from reaching any remaining root fragments, inhibiting their ability to sprout new growth. Monitor the area closely for several months, pulling any new sprouts that may appear despite your efforts. With persistence and thoroughness, digging out the root system can be an effective way to eliminate the Tree of Heaven.

Monitor Regularly

Regular monitoring is one of the most critical components of successfully getting rid of the Tree of Heaven. Even after taking all the necessary steps—cutting the tree, applying herbicides, and digging out the roots—this invasive species has a remarkable ability to persist. Regular inspections allow you to catch any new growth early, making it easier to manage and ultimately eradicate the tree.

Set aside dedicated time each week or month to inspect the area where the Tree of Heaven was removed. Look for signs of new sprouts, paying special attention to areas near the original stump and along the pathways of the root system. Early detection is key, as young sprouts are much easier to control than established shoots. Carry a notebook or use a mobile app to document your findings, noting the location and size of any new growth. This record-keeping will help you track progress and adjust your strategy as needed.

Tools for Monitoring

While monitoring doesn’t require specialized equipment, having a few basic tools on hand can make the process more efficient. A pair of gloves, pruning shears, and a small trowel are useful for removing small sprouts and checking the soil for hidden roots. A camera or smartphone can capture images of the site, providing visual documentation of changes over time. If you’re monitoring a large area, consider marking inspection points with flags or stakes to ensure you cover the entire site consistently.

Community Involvement

Monitoring efforts can be strengthened by involving others in the process. If the Tree of Heaven infestation affects a community park or shared property, encourage neighbors or local organizations to participate in regular inspections. Sharing responsibilities not only reduces the workload but also raises awareness about the importance of controlling invasive species. Collaborative efforts can lead to more effective management and faster eradication of the tree.

Follow Up with Treatments

Finally, follow-up treatments are essential to ensure the complete elimination of the Tree of Heaven. Even with diligent monitoring and initial treatments, this resilient tree may attempt to regrow in unexpected ways. Follow-up treatments involve revisiting previously treated areas, reapplying herbicides as needed, and addressing any new challenges that arise during the eradication process.

Revisit the site at least once every few months, especially during the growing season when the tree is most active. Reapply herbicides to any remaining stumps or new sprouts, following the same techniques outlined earlier. Pay close attention to areas where the root system was dense or extensive, as these are likely spots for regrowth. If digging out the roots was part of your strategy, check the excavation sites for any signs of new shoots and remove them promptly.

Detailed Checklist for Success

Here’s a detailed checklist to guide you through the process of getting rid of the Tree of Heaven:

1. Identify the Tree:

   • Examine the leaves, bark, and seeds to confirm it’s the Tree of Heaven.
   • Look for distinctive features like large, feather-like leaves and an unpleasant odor.

2. Cut Down the Tree:

   • Use appropriate tools, such as a chainsaw or handsaw, and wear safety gear.
   • Remove branches first, then make a controlled cut on the trunk.
   • Leave the stump intact for herbicide application.

3. Apply Herbicides to the Stump:

   • Choose a suitable herbicide, such as glyphosate or triclopyr.
   • Apply the herbicide immediately after cutting, focusing on the cambium layer.
   • Follow safety guidelines and application rates carefully.

4. Treat the Area Consistently:

   • Inspect the area regularly for new sprouts.
   • Reapply herbicides to any new growth promptly.
   • Plant native species and mulch the area to suppress regrowth.

5. Dig Out the Root System (if feasible):

   • Excavate the root system using shovels, mattocks, or mechanical tools.
   • Sever and remove all visible roots, following them as far as possible.
   • Cover the area with mulch or landscape fabric to block sunlight.

6. Monitor Regularly:

   • Schedule weekly or monthly inspections of the site.
   • Document findings and adjust strategies as needed.
   • Involve others in the monitoring process for better coverage.

7. Follow Up with Treatments:

   • Revisit treated areas regularly, especially during the growing season.
   • Reapply herbicides to any remaining stumps or new sprouts.
   • Stay persistent and patient, as eradication may take several years.

By following this comprehensive checklist, you can significantly increase your chances of successfully eliminating the Tree of Heaven and restoring the affected area to its natural state. Persistence and dedication are key, as this invasive species demands ongoing attention and effort to conquer.